#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;

my @paths = qw{
   /abc/def/ghi
   /wxy/z
   /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.26.1
   bin/fred
   somefile
   ./another_file
   };
   
foreach my $path (@paths)
{     
   my $root_path = '';
   $root_path = $1 if ($path =~ s/^([.\/]*)(.*)/$2/);
   
   my @components = split '/',$path;
   
   while (@components)
   {
       print $root_path,join('/',@components), "\n";
       pop @components;
   }  
}    

__END__
/abc/def/ghi
/abc/def
/abc
/wxy/z
/wxy
/usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.26.1
/usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl
/usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
/usr/local/lib
/usr/local
/usr
bin/fred
bin
somefile
./another_file