rate     c     e     a     b     d
c  521648/s    --   -4%  -61%  -68%  -68%
e  543110/s    4%    --  -59%  -66%  -67%
a 1335220/s  156%  146%    --  -17%  -19%
b 1614068/s  209%  197%   21%    --   -2%
d 1639269/s  214%  202%   23%    2%    --