my $name   = qr/(?:\w+)/;
my $data   = qr/(?:\w+)/;
my $num    = qr/(?:\d+)/;

my %line_is = (
        header          => qr/HDR($name) ($data)/,
        trailer         => qr/TLR($num)/,
        additive        => qr/(ADDRANGE|ADD|DELETERANGE|DELETE),/,
        additive_data   => qr/($num),($num?),($name)/,
);

$_ = qr/\G(?:$_)/ foreach values %line_is;

my %data;

while (<DATA>) {
        if (/$line_is{header}/gcx) {
                $data{header} = { company => $1, code => $2 }
        }
        elsif (/$line_is{trailer}/gcx) {
                $data{trailer} = { count => $1 }
        }
        elsif (/$line_is{additive}/gcx) {
                my $cmd = $1;
                warn "Bad $cmd: ", substr($_,pos)
                        unless /$line_is{additive_data}/;
                push @{$data{record}}, [ $cmd, $1, $2||undef, $3 ]
        }
        else {
                warn "Unparsable data: ", substr($_,pos);
        }
}

use Data::Dumper 'Dumper';
print Dumper [ \%data ];

__DATA__
HDRCOMPNAME BIG000OLD111IDENTIFIER1020301WITH1010LOTS1010OF1010CRAP
ADD,1234567890,,COMPNAME
ADDRANGE,2468,4680,COMPNAME
DELETE,987654321,,COMPNAME
DELETERANGE,13579,13599,COMPNAME
TLR000004