#!/usr/local/bin/perl -w

use strict;
use diagnostics;

my $str="foo bar -\"weenie roast\" +\"'foo' bar\" \\' -baz +boo +bee / +ben fat   faz -slim 'ooga booga' 'fee fie \\' foe fum' \\'do ray\\'";

my (@KeysNeed,@KeysAvoid,@Keys);

1 while $str =~ /\+(\w+|((?<!\\)['"])(.*?)(?<!\\)(??{$2}))(?{push @KeysNeed,$3||$1})|-(\w+|((?<!\\)['"])(.*?)(?<!\\)(??{$5}))(?{push @KeysAvoid,$6||$4})|(\w+|((?<!\\)['"])(.*?)(?<!\\)(??{$8}))(?{push @Keys,$9||$7})/g;

use Data::Dumper;
print Dumper(\@KeysNeed,\@KeysAvoid,\@Keys);