$hr = { x => 1, y => 2 };

##</code><code>##

$$dbHash{connect}->prepare("$sql")

##</code><code>##

$db->{connect}->prepare($sql)

##</code><code>##

$str = join(',', ('?') x @{$row->[0]}))

##</code><code>##

$str = join (",",map {"?"}(0..$#{$rowRefs->[0]})