# A list
(1, 2, 3);

# An array assignment (syntax: ARRAY = LIST)
my @array = (1, 2, 3);

# An array
@array

# The third element of the array
$array[2]

# The third element of a list (this actually is a slice)
(1, 2, 3)[2]

# Arrays are mutable, so the following is possible
$array[2]++

# Lists are immutable, so the following is impossible
(1, 2, 3)[2]++

# A reference to a named array
\@array

# A reference to an anonymous array
[ 1, 2, 3 ]

# A reference to a named array that later becomes anonymous
my $ref;
{
    my @array = (1, 2, 3);
    $ref = \@array;
}

# A list of references
\(1, 2, 3)

# Equal to \(1, 2, 3)
(\1, \2, \3)

# A list of arrays
([1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9])

# A reference to an (anonymous) array of (anonymous) arrays
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]