Benchmark: timing 1000 iterations of f_alpha, f_cmp, f_owtdi, f_sship, i_alpha, i_cmp, i_owtdi, i_sship...
   f_alpha: 48 wallclock secs (48.24 usr +  0.00 sys = 48.24 CPU) @ 20.73/s (n=1000)
     f_cmp: 48 wallclock secs (48.23 usr +  0.01 sys = 48.24 CPU) @ 20.73/s (n=1000)
   f_owtdi: 67 wallclock secs (66.64 usr +  0.00 sys = 66.64 CPU) @ 15.01/s (n=1000)
   f_sship: 30 wallclock secs (29.58 usr +  0.29 sys = 29.87 CPU) @ 33.48/s (n=1000)
   i_alpha: 38 wallclock secs (38.22 usr +  0.01 sys = 38.23 CPU) @ 26.16/s (n=1000)
     i_cmp: 38 wallclock secs (38.11 usr +  0.05 sys = 38.16 CPU) @ 26.21/s (n=1000)
   i_owtdi: 66 wallclock secs (65.85 usr +  0.03 sys = 65.88 CPU) @ 15.18/s (n=1000)
   i_sship: 29 wallclock secs (28.70 usr +  0.31 sys = 29.01 CPU) @ 34.47/s (n=1000)
          Rate f_owtdi i_owtdi f_alpha   f_cmp i_alpha   i_cmp f_sship i_sship
f_owtdi 15.0/s      --     -1%    -28%    -28%    -43%    -43%    -55%    -56%
i_owtdi 15.2/s      1%      --    -27%    -27%    -42%    -42%    -55%    -56%
f_alpha 20.7/s     38%     37%      --      0%    -21%    -21%    -38%    -40%
f_cmp   20.7/s     38%     37%      0%      --    -21%    -21%    -38%    -40%
i_alpha 26.2/s     74%     72%     26%     26%      --     -0%    -22%    -24%
i_cmp   26.2/s     75%     73%     26%     26%      0%      --    -22%    -24%
f_sship 33.5/s    123%    121%     61%     61%     28%     28%      --     -3%
i_sship 34.5/s    130%    127%     66%     66%     32%     32%      3%      --