#!/usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;

my @sets =
    ([ 0, 1, 2, 3,          7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,     ],
     [ 0,       3,          7, 8,    10, 11,     13, 14,     16, ],
     [ 0, 1, 2, 3,    5,    7, 8,    10, 11, 12, 13, 14,     16, ],
     [       2, 3, 4,    6, 7, 8,    10, 11, 12,     14,     16, ],
     [ 0, 1, 2, 3,          7, 8, 9, 10, 11,     13, 14, 15,     ]);
my $numsets = @sets;

my %intersection;
@intersection{ @{$sets[0]} } = ();

for ( @sets[1..$#sets] ) {
    my %this;
    @this{ @$_ } = ();
    delete @intersection{ grep { ! exists $this{$_) }
        keys %intersection};
}

my @intersection = sort {$a <=> $b} keys %intersection;
print "Common items in the $numsets sets: @intersection\n";
__END__

prints:
Common items in the 5 sets: 3 7 8 10 11 14