#! perl -slw
use strict;
use Benchmark qw[cmpthese];

sub recipe{ my @rice = @_; my $grains = scalar @rice; return $grains; }

sub curry { recipe( 'extra', @_) }

sub spagetti { unshift @_, 'extra'; goto &recipe; }

print recipe	qw[1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0];
print curry		qw[1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0];
print spagetti	qw[1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0];

cmpthese( -10, {
	recipe	=>	'recipe qw[1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0];',
	curry	=>	'curry  qw[1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0];',
	spagetti=>	'spagetti qw[1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0];',
});

__END__
c:\test>225691
10
11
11
Benchmark:
running
 curry, recipe, spagetti
, each for at least 10 CPU seconds
...

     curry: 11 wallclock secs (10.41 usr +  0.00 sys = 10.41 CPU) @ 11838.29/s (n=123284)

    recipe: 10 wallclock secs (10.29 usr +  0.00 sys = 10.29 CPU) @ 15358.48/s (n=157962)

  spagetti:  9 wallclock secs (10.31 usr +  0.00 sys = 10.31 CPU) @ 7502.96/s (n=77393)

            Rate spagetti    curry   recipe
spagetti  7503/s       --     -37%     -51%
curry    11838/s      58%       --     -23%
recipe   15358/s     105%      30%       --

c:\test>