#! perl -slw
use strict;
use Benchmark qw[cmpthese];

use constant ARG1 => 0;
use constant ARG2 => 1;
use constant LAST => -1;

sub directly{ return "$_[ARG1] - $_[ARG2]" if $_[LAST]; }
sub shifty{ my ($arg1, $arg2, $arg3) = (shift, shift, shift); return "$arg1 - $arg2" if $arg3; }
sub listy{ my ($arg1, $arg2, @others) = @_; return "$arg1 - $arg2" if $others[-1]; }
sub listya{ my (@args) = @_; return "$args[1] - $args[1]" if $args[-1]; }

our @a100 = 1..100;

cmpthese( -3, {
	directly3	=> 'directly 1, "TWO", 3.0;',
	directly100	=> 'directly @a100;',
	shifty3		=> 'shifty 1, "TWO", 3.0;',
	shifty100	=> 'shifty @a100;',
	listy3		=> 'listy 1, "TWO", 3.0;',
	listya		=> 'listya 1, "TWO", 3.0',
	listya100	=> 'listya @a100;',
});
__END__
Name "main::a100" used only once: possible typo at C:\test\233863.pl line 14.
Benchmark:
running
 directly100, directly3, listy3, listya, listya100, shifty100, shifty3
, each for at least 3 CPU seconds

directly100:  5 wallclock secs ( 3.19 usr +  0.00 sys =  3.19 CPU) @ 27542.27/s (n=87970)
  directly3:  1 wallclock secs ( 3.03 usr +  0.00 sys =  3.03 CPU) @ 47871.13/s (n=145241)
     listy3:  4 wallclock secs ( 3.10 usr +  0.00 sys =  3.10 CPU) @ 19624.88/s (n=60896)
     listya:  4 wallclock secs ( 3.04 usr +  0.00 sys =  3.04 CPU) @ 19505.42/s (n=59394)
  listya100:  3 wallclock secs ( 3.12 usr +  0.00 sys =  3.12 CPU) @ 3179.52/s  (n=9936)
  shifty100:  4 wallclock secs ( 3.04 usr +  0.00 sys =  3.04 CPU) @ 21964.84/s (n=66839)
    shifty3:  5 wallclock secs ( 3.09 usr +  0.00 sys =  3.09 CPU) @ 30639.55/s (n=94523)

               Rate listya100 listya listy3 shifty100 directly100 shifty3 directly3
listya100    3180/s        --   -84%   -84%      -86%        -88%    -90%      -93%
listya      19505/s      513%     --    -1%      -11%        -29%    -36%      -59%
listy3      19625/s      517%     1%     --      -11%        -29%    -36%      -59%
shifty100   21965/s      591%    13%    12%        --        -20%    -28%      -54%
directly100 27542/s      766%    41%    40%       25%          --    -10%      -42%
shifty3     30640/s      864%    57%    56%       39%         11%      --      -36%
directly3   47871/s     1406%   145%   144%      118%         74%     56%        --