use strict; my %currency; $currency{northamerica}{America} = "US Dollar"; $currency{northamerica}{Canada} = "Canadian Dollar"; $currency{asia}{Japan} = "Yuen"; $currency{asia}{China} = "RMB"; foreach my $continent (keys %currency) { foreach my $country (keys %{$currency{$continent}}) { print "in $continent/$country, people use $currency{$continent}{$country}\n"; } }