use strict; use warnings; use diagnostics; use utf8; use open ':utf8'; use FileHandle; # lots of treatment in between .... then foreach $term_name (sort keys %term) { if ( defined $term{$term_name}{$LL}{term} ) { $text = $term{$term_name}{$LL}{term}; $char_1 = uc(substr($text,0,1)); push @char, $char_1; } } remove_duplicates(@char); @char = sort(@char);