my $mpw_file = IO::File->new( "<$mpw" ) ||
            die "\n\nUnable to open master.passwd file.  $!\n";
        my $gnupg = GnuPG::Interface->new();
        $gnupg->options->hash_init( armor   => 1, homedir => '/root/.gnupg' );
        $gnupg->options->push_recipients( 'foo@example.com' );
        $gnupg->options->meta_interactive( 0 );

        my @original_plaintext = <$mpw_file>;
        ##my $passphrase = "Three Little Pigs";

       
        # We'll let the standard error of GnuPG pass through
        # to our own standard error, by not creating
        # a stderr-part of the $handles object.     
                             
        my ( $input, $output, $error, $status_fh ) =
            (       
                IO::Handle->new(),
                IO::Handle->new(),
                IO::Handle->new(),
                IO::Handle->new()
            );  
                        
        my $handles = GnuPG::Handles->new(
            stdin   =>  $input,
            stdout  =>  $output,  
            stderr  =>  $error,
            status  =>  $status_fh
        );  
          
        # this sets up the communication
        # Note that the recipients were specified earlier
        # in the 'options' data member of the $gnupg object.
        my $pid = $gnupg->encrypt( handles => $handles );   
                                                         
        # this passes in the plaintext                   
        print $input @original_plaintext;
            
        # this closes the communication channel,
        # indicating we are done
        close $input;
        close $mpw_file;
        
        my @ciphertext     = <$output>;     # reading the output
        my @status_info    = <$status_fh>;  # reading the status info
        my @error_output   = <$error>;      # reading the error      
                                                               
        print @ciphertext;
        print @status_info;   
        print @error_output;           
        
        waitpid $pid, 0;  # clean up the finished GnuPG process
        # }}}