sub dohash
   {
   my(%hash) = ("president"=>"Clinton",
                "vice president" => "Gore",
                "intern" => "Lewinsky");
   my($ref) = \%hash;

   # NOTE: Can't put %{ref} inside doublequotes!!! Doesn't work!!!
   # Prints "internLewinskyvice presidentGorepresidentClinton".
   # NOTE: Hash elements might print in any order!
   print %{$ref}; print "\n";

   # NOTE: OK to put ${$ref}{} in doublequotes.
   # NOTE: Prints "Gore".
   print "${$ref}{'vice president'}\n";
   }

##</code><code>##

($_='kkvvttuubbooppuuiiffssqqffssmmiibbddllffss')
 =~y~b-v~a-z~s;                             print