/("[^"]*?")/g

##</code><code>##

/("(?:\\"|[^"])*?")/g

##</code><code>##

my $mm=qq(\"000.E+3\",\"\",\"\",\"\",\"QCA-086_2\",\"-1\",\"P\",\"FALSE\",\"this \\\"is\\\" quoted\"); 
my @p = ($mm=~m/("(?:\\"|[^"])*?")/g); 
print $mm, "\n", map {qq($_\n)} @p;

__OUTPUT__
"000.E+3","","","","QCA-086_2","-1","P","FALSE","this \"is\" quoted"
"000.E+3"
""
""
""
"QCA-086_2"
"-1"
"P"
"FALSE"
"this \"is\" quoted"