sub foo { return 3+$a };
$a = 1;
$a = foo($a) and print $a;

##</code><code>##

$\ = "\n";
my $x = 12;
{
  my $x = $x + 1;    # <--- point of interest
  print $x;
}
print $x;

##</code><code>##

my $x = 123;
{
  my $x = 45 and print $x;
}