#!/usr/bin/perl -w use strict; my %horoscopes = ( 'homer' => 'pisces', 'marge' => 'sagitarius', 'bart' => 'cancer', 'libra' => 'libra', ); my $reference = \%horoscopes; capitalize($reference); sub capitalize { foreach (keys(%{$reference})) { tr/[a-z]/[A-Z]/; } }