tr/[a-z]/[A-Z]/; 
    tr/[àáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõöøùúûüýþ]/[ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖØÙÚÛÜÝÞ]/;
    s/ß/SS/g;   

##</code><code>##

    tr/^?/\x{178}/;