{
    my ( $TLD, $ccTLD );

    sub valid_domain {
        local $_ = shift;    
        # user:pass@401authen.com is ~ valid and useful for more than phishing.
        if ( m/^[^@]+@/ ) {
            (undef, $_) = split '@';
        }
        # domain.com:8080 is ~ valid/common
        if ( m/:\d+\z/ ) {
            ($_) = split ':';
        }
        # having dealt with edge cases check for the valid chars
        return 0 unless m/^[A-Za-z0-9\.\-]+\z/;
    
        # domains are case insensitive and we need lc for hash table lookup
        $_ = lc;
    
        # end in digits can only be dot quad
        if ( m/\.\d+$/ ) {
            return 0 unless m/^(\d{1,3})\.(\d{1,3})\.(\d{1,3})\.(\d{1,3})$/;
            return 1 if $1 < 256 and $2 < 256 and $3 < 256 and $4 < 256;
        }
        # end in alpha chars and appropriate \w\.\w{2,}$ type syntax
        elsif ( m/\.([A-Za-z]{2,})$/  ) {
            ( $TLD, $ccTLD ) = init_tld() unless $TLD;
            return 0 if m/^[.-]/ or  m/\.{2}/ or m/\-\.|\.\-/;
            return 1 if exists $TLD->{$1} or exists $ccTLD->{$1};
        }
        # everything else is invalid
      return 0
    }
}

sub init_tld {
    my ( %TLD, %ccTLD );
    @TLD{ qw( aero arpa biz com coop edu gov info int 
              mil museum name nato net org pro ) } = ();

    @ccTLD{qw(
            ac ad ae af ag ai al am an ao aq ar as at au aw 
            az ba bb bd be bf bg bh bi bj bm bn bo br bs bt 
            bv bw by bz ca cc cd cf cg ch ci ck cl cm cn co 
            cr cu cv cx cy cz de dj dk dm do dz ec ee eg eh 
            er es et fi fj fk fm fo fr fx ga gd ge gf gg gh 
            gi gl gm gn gp gq gr gs gt gu gw gy hk hm hn hr 
            ht hu id ie il im in io iq ir is it je jm jo jp 
            ke kg kh ki km kn kp kr kw ky kz la lb lc li lk 
            lr ls lt lu lv ly ma mc md mg mh mk ml mm mn mo 
            mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nc ne nf ng 
            ni nl no np nr nu nz om pa pe pf pg ph pk pl pm 
            pn pr ps pt pw py qa re ro ru rw sa sb sc sd se 
            sg sh si sj sk sl sm sn so sr st sv sy sz tc td 
            tf tg th tj tk tm tn to tp tr tt tv tw tz ua ug 
            uk um us uy uz va vc ve vg vi vn vu wf ws ye yt 
            yu za zm zw ) } = ();
    return \%TLD, \%ccTLD;
}