use Data::Dumper; print(Dumper(\%db)); #### foreach $key (keys(%db)) { for ($record_num=0; $record_num<@{$db{$key}}; $record_num++) { foreach $field (@{$db{$key}[$record_num]}) { printf("Record %d of %s is %s.\n", $record_num, $key, $field, ); } } } #### foreach $key (keys(%db)) { foreach $record (@{$db{$key}}) { foreach $field (@$record) { ... } } } #### # From ref to array of fields: push(@{$db{$key}}, $record); -or- # From individual fields: push(@{$db{$key}}, [ $field1, $field2, $field3, $field4 ]); -or- # From a my'd array of fields: { my @fields = ...; push(@{$db{$key}}, \@fields); } -or- # From a array of fields that will change: push(@{$db{$key}}, [ @fields ]); #### # Gives: # key1,field1,field2,field3,field4 # key1,field1,field2,field3,field4 # key1,field1,field2,field3,field4 # key2,field1,field2,field3,field4 # key3,field1,field2,field3,field4 # key3,field1,field2,field3,field4 # # Doesn't handle commas in key or field. $,=','; $\=$/; foreach $key (keys(%db)) { foreach $record (@{$db{$key}}) { print $key, @$record; } } -or- # Gives: # key1,0,field1,field2,field3,field4 # key1,1,field1,field2,field3,field4 # key1,2,field1,field2,field3,field4 # key2,0,field1,field2,field3,field4 # key3,0,field1,field2,field3,field4 # key3,1,field1,field2,field3,field4 # # Doesn't handle commas in key or field. $,=','; $\=$/; foreach $key (keys(%db)) { for ($record_num=0; $record_num<@{$db{$key}}; $record_num++) { print $key, $record_num, @{$db{$key}[$record_num]}; } }