my $n = 0; my %nums; foreach ( qw( zero one two three ) ) { $nums{$_} = $n++ || "zero"; } my $msg = ""; foreach ( qw( zero one two three ) ) { $msg .= "$_ = '$nums{$_}'\n"; } print $msg; print qq( zero = '$nums{zero}' one = '$nums{one}' two = '$nums{two}' three = '$nums{three}' );