my $x = "this is the x variable";
my $y = 'single quote of $x';
my $z = "echo '$x'\n";

print $x, "\n";
print $y, "\n";
print $z;

print `echo '$x'`;
print `$z`;

__DATA__
this is the x variable
single quote of $x
echo 'this is the x variable'
this is the x variable
this is the x variable