Because curly brackets (braces) are used for several other things including BLOCKs, you may occasionally have to disambiguate braces at the beginning of a statement by putting a "+" or a "return" in front so that Perl realizes the opening brace isn't starting a BLOCK. The economy and mnemonic value of using curlies is deemed worth this occasional extra hassle. For example, if you wanted a function to make a new hash and return a reference to it, you have these options: sub hashem { { @_ } } # silently wrong sub hashem { +{ @_ } } # ok sub hashem { return { @_ } } # ok On the other hand, if you want the other meaning, you can do this: sub showem { { @_ } } # ambiguous (currently ok, but may change) sub showem { {; @_ } } # ok sub showem { { return @_ } } # ok The leading "+{" and "{;" always serve to disambiguate the expres- sion to mean either the HASH reference, or the BLOCK.