while (my ($k, $v) = each %$ref2) { $ref2->{$k} = '' if (!defined $ref2->{$k}); } push @{ $tablist{$user_table} }, $ref2; #### for (keys %$ref2) { $ref2->{$_} = '' if (!defined $ref2->{$_}); } push @{ $tablist{$user_table} }, $ref2; #### $ref2->{$_} = '' unless (defined $ref2->{$_}) for (keys %$ref2);