my %results;

for ( @array )
{
    $results{$_} = some_func($_);
}

##</code><code>##

my @results;
for ( @array )
{
    push @results, { input => $_, output => some_func($_) };
}

##</code><code>##

my %results = map { ( $_ => some_func($_) ) } @array;

##</code><code>##

my @results = map { { input => $_, output => some_func($_) } } @array;