my @idx =
  map $_->[1], sort { $a->[0] <=> $b->[0] } map [$vals[$_], $_], 0..$#vals;

##</code><code>##

my @rankings =
  do { my $x = 0;
       map $_->[1],
       sort { $a->[0] <=> $b->[0] }
       map [ $_, $x++ ],
       sort { $vals[$a] <=> $vals[$b] }
       0..$#vals
     };