$_="OBX|NM|aaA..^Haem^RD2|7.5|g/dL|13.0-18.0|OR|";s#^(OBX\|[^|]+\|)([^^]*)#$1 . join("",map( { my $x=$_; y/A-Z/U/ || y/a-z/L/; "$_$x" } split //,$2)) #e