sum (consecutive_differences(2, 4, 5, 7)) = {definition of consecutive differences} sum((2 - 4), (4 - 5), (5 - 7)) = {definition of sum} ((2 - 4) + (4 - 5) + (5 - 7)) = {subtraction equals addition of negative} (2 + -4 + 4 + -5 + 5 + -7) = {associativity and symmetry of addition} (2 + (4 - 4) + (5 - 5) - 7) = {removal of zero terms} (2 - 7) = {arithmetic} -5