my @c = merge_aoh_by_domain( @a, @b ); sub merge_aoh_by_domain { my %merge; for my $domain_ref ( @_ ) { # less ugly my $to_merge = $merge{$domain_ref->{domain}} ||= {}; @$to_merge{ keys %$domain_ref } = values %$domain_ref; # ugly # @{$merge{$domain_ref->{domain}}{ keys %$domain_ref } = values %$domain_ref; } return values %merge; }