use Unicode::String qw(utf8 latin1);

sub utf8_to_latin1 {
  # get arguments
  my ($s1) = @_;
    
  # create a utf8 string with initial value of s1
  # strange! it should already be in utf8
  my $utf8 = Unicode::String->new( $s1 );
    
  # convert to latin1
  my $s2 = Unicode::String::latin1($utf8);
    
  return $s2;
}