$hash{'a'}; print exists $hash{'a'}?'yes':'no'; #no #### $hash{'a'}=1; print exists $hash{'a'}?'yes':'no'; #yes #### $hash{'a'}=$hash{'a'}; print exists $hash{'a'}?'yes':'no'; #yes #### sub foo{$_[0]} foo($hash{'a'}); print exists $hash{'a'}?'yes':'no'; #no #### sub foo{$_[0]=1} foo($hash{'a'}); print exists $hash{'a'}?'yes':'no'; #yes #### sub foo{$_[0]=$_[0]} foo($hash{'a'}); print exists $hash{'a'}?'yes':'no'; #yes #### sub foo{ for($_[0]){ } } foo($hash{'a'}); print exists $hash{'a'}?'yes':'no'; #no #### sub foo{ for($_[0]){ $_=1; } } foo($hash{'a'}); print exists $hash{'a'}?'yes':'no'; #yes #### for($hash{'a'}){ } print exists $hash{'a'}?'yes':'no'; #yes #### sub foo{ for($_[0]){ $_=$_; } } foo($hash{'a'}); print exists $hash{'a'}?'yes':'no'; #no