use strict; use warnings; use Algorithm::Diff qw(diff); my @strs = ( ['ABCÅD', 'ABCD'], ['ABCÄD', 'ABCëëD'], ['ABCááD', 'ABCèD'], ); my %xlate; for (@strs) { my ($org, $mod) = @$_; my @orgSeq = split //, $org; my @modSeq = split //, $mod; my (@diffs) = diff (\@orgSeq, \@modSeq); for my $diff (@diffs) { my @sub = grep {$_->[0] eq '-'} @$diff; my @add = grep {$_->[0] eq '+'} @$diff; next if ! @sub; # Bogus added characters $xlate{join '', map {$_->[2]} @sub} = (join '', map {$_->[2]} @add) || ''; } } print "'$_' => '$xlate{$_}'\n" for sort keys %xlate;