my $group1 = "group1"; my $group2 = "group1"; # using primary key again bw diff values my $list1 = "1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8"; my $list2 = "1-2-3-4-5"; &test_hash($list1, $group1); &test_hash($list2, $group2); sub test_hash { my $list = $_[0]; my $group = $_[1]; my @vals = split /-/, $list; my %test_hash; $test_hash{$group} = $group; for (my $i = 0; $i < scalar @vals; $i++){ $test_hash{$group}{$vals[$i]} = $vals[$i]; } foreach $k(keys %test_hash){ print "$k\n"; foreach $v (keys %{ $test_hash{$k} }){ print "\t$test_hash{$k}{$v}\n"; } } } Output: group1 8 6 4 1 3 7 2 5 group1 # 6,7,8 should not be in the new HoH below... 8 6 4 1 3 7 2 5