while (<>) { ... # your program goes here } #### while(<>){ / /, $;{$`}++}{print $_, $/ ^= "*" for % # this line is what # was inside the single quotes } #### while(<>){ / /, $;{$`}++ } { print $_, $/ ^= "*" for % } #### s**lil*; $*=join'',sort split q**; s;.*;grr; &&s+(.(.)).+$2$1+; $; = qq-$_-;s,.*,ahc,;$,.=chop for split q,,,reverse;print for($,,$;,$*,$/)