sub read_passwd { 
 open IN, '/etc/passwd' or die "can't open IN $!\n";
 my %users;
 my @fields = qw(name pword uid gid fullname home shell);

 while (<IN>) {
  chomp;
  my %rec;
  
  my @data = split(/:/);

  $rec{$fields[0]} = $data[0];
  $rec{$fields[1]} = $data[1];
  $rec{$fields[2]} = $data[2];
  $rec{$fields[3]} = $data[3];
  $rec{$fields[4]} = $data[4];
  $rec{$fields[5]} = $data[5];
  $rec{$fields[6]} = $data[6];
  
  $users{$rec{name}} = \%rec;
 }
 return (\%users);
}