#!/usr/bin/perl -w
 
use strict;
use warnings;
use Data::Dumper;
 
my %hash = (
    'a' => 'b',
    'c' => 'd',
    'e' => [ 'F', 'G', 'H' ],
    'i' => {
        'J' => 'K',
        'L' => 'M',
    },
);
 
as_hash(%hash);
as_array(%hash);
 
 
sub as_hash {
    my (%hash) = @_;
    printf "Dump of hash as a hash => %s\n", Dumper(\%hash);
    my $hash_i_J = $hash{'i'}{'J'};
    printf "hash{i}{J} = '%s'\n", $hash_i_J;
}
 
 
sub as_array {
    my (@array) = @_;
    print "\nEach element of \@array:\n";
    map { print "- $_\n" } @array;
    printf "\nDump of hash as an array => %s\n", Dumper(\@array);
    as_hash(@array);
}