# time = O(N) memory = O(N*M) my $count = map @$_, values %h; #### # time = O(N) memory = O(N) my $count = sum map { scalar @$_ } values %h; #### # time = O(N) memory = O(N) my $count = 0; $count += @$_ for values %h; #### # time = O(N) memory = O(1) my $count = 0; while (my ($k, $v) = each(%h)) { $count += @$v; }