## discover if an array contains a value, using grep
sub contains {
   ## usage: $bool = $array->contains( $value ) # is $value in $array obj? ?
   my ($self, $val) = @_;
   my $r_array = $self->{data}; # assume this contains the array
   
   ## for example, assume values are strings
   my $cnt = grep { $_ eq $value } @$r_array;
   
   return $cnt ? 1 : 0;
}

##</code><code>##

## discover if an array contains a value, using List::Util::indexes;
sub contains {
   ## usage: $bool = $array->contains( $value ) # is $value in $array obj? ?
   my ($self, $val) = @_;
   my $r_array = $self->{data}; # assume this contains the array
   
   ## for example, assume values are strings
   my $cnt = List::Util::indexes { $_ eq $value } @$r_array;
   
   return $cnt ? 1 : 0;
}