sub pad {
    my( $str, $width, $delim, $pad )= @_;
    $width= 3   if  ! defined $width;
    $delim= "."   if  ! defined $delim;
    $pad= "0"   if  ! defined $pad;
    return join $delim, grep {s/ /$pad/g;1}
        map {sprintf"%${width}s",$_}
        split /\Q$delim\E/, $str, -1;
}