use strict;
use warnings;

my $scalar = 'a string is a scalar';

print ref ({}), "\n";
print ref ([]), "\n";
print ref (ret_hash ()), "\n";
print ref (ret_array ()), "\n";
print ">", ref ($scalar), "<\n";
print ref (\$scalar), "\n";

sub ret_hash {my %hash; return \%hash;}
sub ret_array {my @array; return \@array;}

##</code><code>##

HASH
ARRAY
HASH
ARRAY
><
SCALAR