$ cat test_exit.pl 
use strict; 
use warnings;

sub killer { die "hasta la vista baby"; }
sub exiter { exit(42); }

1;
__END__

##</code><code>##

$ cat test_exit.t
use warnings;
use strict;

use Test::More tests => 2;
use Test::Exception;
ok(require('test_exit.pl'), 'loaded');
throws_ok( sub { killer () }, qr/hasta la vista baby/, q{Expected killer to die});
__END__

##</code><code>##

$ prove test_exit.t
test_exit....ok
All tests successful.
Files=1, Tests=2,  0 wallclock secs ( 0.04 cusr +  0.01 csys =  0.05 CPU)