sub add { ## Other subs modified in the same way.
    my $temp = $_[0] ** int( 1/ $_[ 1 ] );
    return $_[0] + $_[1];
}

##</code><code>##

## original
C:\test>junk
              Rate Method^2   Method Method^3      Sub    Sub^2
Method^2  720070/s       --      -4%     -12%     -28%     -32%
Method    747754/s       4%       --      -9%     -25%     -30%
Method^3  820126/s      14%      10%       --     -18%     -23%
Sub       998208/s      39%      33%      22%       --      -6%
Sub^2    1063462/s      48%      42%      30%       7%       --

## Modified
C:\test>junk
             Rate   Method Method^3 Method^2      Sub    Sub^2
Method   488925/s       --      -2%      -2%     -14%     -23%
Method^3 497153/s       2%       --      -1%     -13%     -22%
Method^2 500096/s       2%       1%       --     -12%     -21%
Sub      569519/s      16%      15%      14%       --     -10%
Sub^2    635516/s      30%      28%      27%      12%       --