map { s/Z/\x24/g; eval() } map { m/(.*)/ } q{THE PROGRAM};
    
    ## The statements in order of execution:
    q{THE PROGRAM}  # The string containing the program, all $ replaced with Z
   
    map{m/(.*)/}    # Put the string in $_, otherwise the regex fails
                    # with "Can't modify constant item in substitution"
     
    map {           # Using the variable $_
        s/Z/\x24/g; # Replace all 'Z' with '$' (to replace the missing sigils)
        eval()      # and do a string eval
    }

##</code><code>##


    map {
        $\.=chr(96+( $b | $_ >> 4 & 63 || 0xc0 ) & 255);
        $b =$_ <<8>>4 & 0xf0 
    }
    map { ord }
    map { 
        utf8::decode($_);
        m/([^Â])/g
    }
    qq(¡Q1@\0\cPàñ@\xc2\x80Q \cA\0Q À\0\xc2\x80\cP0°Q );
    $\.=qq[,\n],
    print''


##</code><code>##


   $\.=qq[,\n],
   print ''


##</code><code>##


   Char Ord   Bits
   --------------------
    \0        0000 0000
    j   106   0110 1010
    u   117   0111 0101
    
    Discard the first 4 bits of \0, leaves:
    0000 0110   -> 6    -> \cF
    1010 0111   -> 167  -> \xA7
    0101 ....
    

##</code><code>##

   space    32    01100000
   a        97    01100001 
to u       117    01110101


##</code><code>##


    (each separate char)     # The string split into a list of chars

    map{ ord }               # The ordinal value of the char in $_

    map{                     # uses $b to buffer the 4 bits from the previous 
                             # character
                            
      $\ .=                  # Append to $\...
        chr(                 # the character with ordinal value of
          96+(               # the 96 ( 01100000 ) that was removed plus
            $b               # the buffered bits from the previous char
                             # stored in $b's 4 high bits (11110000)
              |              # Fill the four low bits with
                $_ >> 4 & 63 # the four high bits from the current character
            || 0xc0          # If zero (ie space), use 192 (11000000) instead
          )
          &255               # for space, 192 + 96 = 288 (100100000), so remove 
                             # the 9th bit which leaves 32 (00100000)
      );
      $b =                   # buffer the 4 low bits of $_ as the 4 high bits 
                             # $b by:
           $_<<8>>4          # equiv of $_ << 4 (ie shift $_ left by 4)
            & 0xf0           # and zero all but bits 5-8
    }
    

##</code><code>##


    Char Perl/Latin-1    UTF-8
    --------------------------
    é    A9              C3 A9
    °    B0              C2 B0


##</code><code>##


    map{
        utf8::decode($_);   # Try to decode the string from UTF8
                            # If it fails, it leaves  (\xC2) characters
        m/([^Â])/g          # So match each character except for Â
    }
    qq(The string)
    

##</code><code>##


    ¡Q1@\0\cPàñ@\xc2\x80Q \cA\0Q À\0\xc2\x80\cP0°Q