sub permute { my @items = @{ $_[0] }; my @perms = @{ $_[1] }; my $pairs = $_[2]; # here its defined unless (@items) { my $phrase = join( " ", @perms ); print $pairs, "\n"; exit; # here its empty all of sudden my $res = check_ord( $phrase, $pairs ); if ( !( $res ) ) { # $ARGV[0] ? print FH $phrase. "\n" : print $phrase, "\n"; } } else { my(@newitems,@newperms,$i); foreach $i (0 .. $#items) { @newitems = @items; @newperms = @perms; unshift(@newperms, splice(@newitems, $i, 1)); permute([@newitems], [@newperms]); } } }