"$ a+b=\sum\limit_a^{n-j}$" ######### open IN, "abc.xml", or die "$!\n"; open OUT, ">iabc.xml", or die "$!\n"; @txt=; foreach $xabc (@txt) { $find=~ m/\$([^\$]*)\$/g; $find = "\\limits"; $replace = ""; $find = quotemeta $find; $xabc =~ s/$find/$replace/g; print OUT $xabc; } close($xabc);