use Scalar::Util 'reftype';

  my %path = (
      ARRAY => \&_array_path,
      HASH  => \&_hash_path,
  );

  sub path {
      my ( $data, $search ) = @_;
      my $type = reftype $data;
      my $find_paths = $path{$type};
      return $find_paths->( $data, $search );
  }

  sub _array_path {
      my ( $data, $search ) = @_;
      my @paths;
      foreach my $i (0 .. $#$data) {
          my $item = $data->[$i];
          my $type = reftype $item;
          my $current_index = "[$i]";
          if ( !$type && $item eq $search ) {   # XXX
              push @paths => $current_index;
          }
          elsif ( my $find_paths = $path{$type} ) {
              my @current_paths = map { "$current_index$_" }
                  @{ $find_paths->( $item, $search ) };
              push @paths => @current_paths;
          }
      }
      return \@paths;
  }

  sub _hash_path {
      my ( $data, $search ) = @_;
      my @paths;
      foreach my $key (keys %$data) {
          my $item = $data->{$key};
          my $type = reftype $item;
          my $current_key = "{$key}";
          if ( !$type && $item eq $search ) {   # XXX
              push @paths => $current_key;
          }
          elsif ( my $find_paths = $path{$type} ) {
              my @current_paths = map { "$current_key$_" }
                  @{ $find_paths->( $item, $search ) };
              push @paths => @current_paths;
          }
      }
      return \@paths;
  }