my $value = "four"; # lexical variable
my @array = ( "one", "two", "three" );

foreach $value (@array)
{
    # variable $value inside the loop is set
    # to each element of @array at runtime
    print "foreach value: $value\t";
    function(); 
}
# outer scope lexical $value visible here
sub function
{
    # outer scope lexical $value visible here
    # with its initial value
    print "function value: $value\n";
}

##</code><code>##

$value = "four";
my @array = ( "one", "two", "three" );

foreach $value (@array)
{
    print "foreach value: $value\t";
    function();
}
sub function {
    print "function value: $value\n";
}   
__END__
foreach value: one      function value: one
foreach value: two      function value: two
foreach value: three    function value: three

##</code><code>##

my $value = "four";
my @array = ( "one", "two", "three" );

foreach $value (@array) # note outer $value variable
{
    print "foreach value: $value\t";
    function();
    sub function {
        print "function value: $value\n";
    }
}
__END__
foreach value: one      function value: four
foreach value: two      function value: four
foreach value: three    function value: four

##</code><code>##

my $value = "four";
my @array = ( "one", "two", "three" );

foreach my $value (@array)
{
    print "foreach value: $value\t";
    function();
    sub function {
        print "function value: $value\n";
    }
}
__END__
foreach value: one      function value: 
foreach value: two      function value: 
foreach value: three    function value: