my %quick_allow = map { $_ => 1 } @allow_users; #### my @anon; for (@allow_users) { push @anon, do { $_ => 1 }; } my %quick_allow = @anon; #### my %quick_allow; for (@allow_users) { $quick_allow{$_} = 1; } #### my %ALL_USER_GROUPS = ( 23 => [ qw( g1 g4 ) ], 13 => [ qw( g3 g5 ) ], ); #### my %ALL_USER_GROUPS = ( # key value # ----- --------------- '23', [ 'g1', 'g4' ], '13', [ 'g3', 'g5' ], ); #### # At the outmost level, you have a list of groups stored in a hash. # List the keys (group ids) and fetch the corresponding value (group members). for my $gid ( keys %ALL_USER_GROUPS ) my $members = $ALL_USER_GROUPS{$gid}; print("Group: $gid\n"); # Now we want to dump the list of group members. for my $member (@$members) { print("Member: $member\n"); # That's it. } print("\n"); } #### for my $gid ( keys %ALL_USER_GROUPS ) my $members = $ALL_USER_GROUPS{$gid}; print("Group: $gid\n"); print("Members: ", join(' ', @$members), "\n"); print("\n"); }