# your sample string my $orig = "\x{2be}\x{e0}-da-um-=T\x{da}G-:2 1 AKTUM-=T\x{da}G"; my $s = $orig; $s =~ s/(\p{Ll}+)/$1<\/i>/g; # lower --> italic $s =~ s/(\p{Lu}+)/lc($1)/ge; # upper --> lower open my $fh, ">:utf8", "sample.html" or die $!; print $fh qq|

$orig
$s |; close $fh;