sub dargv {
    local *ARGV;
    @ARGV = @_;
    [<>];
}

sub dopen {
    my @t = map {
        open my $fh, '<', $_ or warn "Can't open `$_': $!\n";
        <$fh>;
    } @_;
    \@t;
}

##</code><code>##

sub mkaref { [@_] }

##</code><code>##

# the most reasonable thing for this strange beast, IMHO
sub mksref { 
    @_ == 1 ? 
      do { my $x=$_[0]; \$x } :
      "@_"; # users can play with (a localized) $"
}

sub mkhref {
    my %x;
    @x{@_}=();
    \%x;
}

sub mkcref {
    my @x = @_;
    sub { @x }; # a closure
}